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ILLUSION on WOOD

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   An artist from Singapore, Ivan Hoo highly skilled create the illusion image. But the illusion that he has made are not drawn in the field of paper, but in the field of wood. 
 
   Ivan said that he chose to work on because of the texture and color of wood. By working in wood, it gave me a lot of dimensions and ideas to create something that is realistic. 
 
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 Ivan 1 
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  Slowly, Ivan began to create pieces that are more anamorphic and post pictures he made in Instagram, where he received a lot of positive response. It gave him the confidence and motivation to continue working. 
 
<a href="http://instagram.com/ivanhooart" target="_blank">http://instagram.com/ivanhooart</a> 
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<blockquote>
Painting is poetry that is seen rather than felt, and poetry is painting that is felt rather than seen.   </blockquote>
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                                                                                                    Leonardo da Vinci</blockquote>
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ILLUSION on WOOD

An artist from Singapore , Ivan Hoo highly skilled create the illusion image . But the illusion that he has made are not...

Japanese, Chinese and Korean Chopsticks are different..?

Unknown 0 Knowledge, Lounge 9:55 PM

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   China, Japan and Korea are three of the most popular nations in Asia. Their food and culture have covered the world, and one of the most distinctive culinary impacts they have had is the use of the chopsticks. 
    Whether you know how to use them well or not, chopsticks have become common utensils within Asian culture and within eateries across the globe. 
    They can be used to eat an entire meal, or just portions of the meal. A number of restaurants and hotels across the globe that use these utensils also offer spoons, forks, and knives, in case you don’t know how to use them.  
 
History 
 
    The history of chopsticks in Asia is older than many countries. They’re 
thought to be over 5000 years old. Originating from China, they began to
 spread to Japan and Korea by 500 A.D. In ancient times, chopsticks were
 made from trees or bamboo. 
 
    Initially, they were utilized as sticks to 
retrieve food cooked in a pot or from fire. Because of fuel shortage, 
food was cut into very small portions before it was cooked, eliminating a
 need for knives. Consequently, chopstick became a utensil of choice. 
 
    Did you know that there is a difference between Chinese chopsticks and 
those utilized in Japan and Korea? 
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<h2>
Chinese chopsticks</h2>
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   The Chinese were the first people to invent chopsticks over 5000 years ago. It is said that they were considered as an extension of fingers, which were not afraid of extreme cold or heat. They are mostly made of unfinished wood and have a rectangular shape with the blunt end. </h2>
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   Chinese chopsticks are long and thicker than Korean and Japanese models. These chopsticks are long since Chinese food is often served on "Lazy Susan's." The tables are somewhat larger so you need that extra length to grab that last piece of Peking duck. Also, Chinese chopsticks do not taper towards the end as much as Japanese and Korean chopsticks do. </h2>
 
 Japanese chopsticks 
 
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   The Japanese developed distinctive types of chopsticks. They have numerous styles of chopsticks used for different purposes, including cooking usage, eating specific meals, picking up sweets, and during funerals. The Japanese use a number of materials in the making of their chopsticks. Wood and plastics are the primary materials utilized today. 
 
    However, Japanese chopsticks have aliso been made of bone, metal, and even ivory (these are usually reserved for special events). Japanese chopsticks are generally rounded at the ends and shorter than Chinese models but longer than Korean models. They are also more colourful and intricately designed. 
 
Korean chopsticks 
 
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   Korean chopsticks are often stainless steel, while those utilized in Japan and China are made of natural materials. Because metal can be slippery, these chopsticks are made rough at the ends in order to diminish that trait. 
 
    Another noticeable difference is that they are not of the same length as those used in Japan and China. Why are they made of metal? In the early times, pure silver chopsticks were only used by the king as the silver would change its color if anyone attempted to poison the king’s food. 
 
   Another reason why Koreans use metal to make chopstick is that because they use spoons to eat rice, they can use more slippery chopsticks to eat other dishes too.  
 
 
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Japanese, Chinese and Korean Chopsticks are different..?

China, Japan and Korea are three of the most popular nations in Asia. Their food and culture have covered the world, and one of t...

Phaal, the hottest curry in the world

Unknown 0 Food, Knowledge 9:18 PM

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   One restaurant in New York, The Brick Lane Curry House, located on the Upper East Side of Manhattan creating super spicy curry menu. To make it just the chefs were required to wear gas masks. 
 
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   Curry named Phaal is touted as the world's hottest curry. Spiciness scale starting one million units scale scoville or equal to 200 times more spicy than Tabasco sauce. Curry was made from eight types of chili, including dragon Bhut Jolokia chili which is the maker of tear gas chilli Indian Military. 
 
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    A customer took more than 1 hour to eat this curry, including when he was hallucinating because of spiciness. 
    The executive chef, Mohammed Karim, divulge the recipe of this super spicy curry. Among 20 dragon fruit chili (chili hottest in the world of Indian origin), 1 teaspoon chili extract pure dragon, 3 teaspoons chili powder extra hot, bindi spice mix, chopped onions, salt, and 6 pieces of cayenne pepper . 
 
 
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Phaal available with five different types of the curry chicken, lamb, mutton, paneer cheese or vegetables. The price varies from US $ 15 to US $ 21. 
 
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Customers are able to spend a bowl of curry will get a free beer gifts, certificates, and his name will be displayed in the restaurant. 
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<blockquote>
"There is no love sincerer than the love of food." </blockquote>
<blockquote>
                                                                                       George Bernard Shaw</blockquote>
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Phaal, the hottest curry in the world

One restaurant in New York , The Brick Lane Curry House , located on the Upper East Side of Manhattan creating super...

Tongkonan: Torajan Kindred Houses

Unknown 0 Culture, Knowledge 10:19 PM

<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjVm67Zlnroh8lT8cT27ivfwRWCoLbrJ3_SfaJYz9xyqlBL72qPVP-yjg7GnA4l8tEdEtVNqMYpqoK2fvFSWKl0YOxAewx5TBtRKExN72OjH_BlKnTRNd8vq3P8MbYLncKtmJ3z8g6KxhA/s1600/toraja-house-papercraft-intro-2.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="papercraft, toraja, iu-know.blogspot.com" border="0" height="277" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjVm67Zlnroh8lT8cT27ivfwRWCoLbrJ3_SfaJYz9xyqlBL72qPVP-yjg7GnA4l8tEdEtVNqMYpqoK2fvFSWKl0YOxAewx5TBtRKExN72OjH_BlKnTRNd8vq3P8MbYLncKtmJ3z8g6KxhA/s1600/toraja-house-papercraft-intro-2.jpg" title="toraja house papercraft" width="320" /></a></div>   Tongkonan is a traditional house of Toraja and now as the iconic architecture in Tana Toraja. Tongkonan house is included in the list of UNESCO World Heritage. History    According to myth, the first Toraja house was constructed in heaven by Puang Matua, the Creator (see: Religion). It was built on four poles, and the roof was made of Indian cloth. Next, Puang Matua ordered the construction of another house, on iron poles and a bamboo roof. When the ancestor of mankind descended to earth in the southern half of Toraja (in the area bordering the Regency of Enrekang), he imitated the heavenly house, and a big house ceremony was held for the occasion. . <div style="text-align: center;">.</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://up1.tuspics.net/IM13/i/00141/tp0ohuhk9uwc.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="toraja house,toraja,iu-know.blogspot.com" border="0" height="207" src="http://up1.tuspics.net/IM13/i/00141/tp0ohuhk9uwc.jpg" title="toraja house" width="320" /></a></div>.    The former village founder of Toraja , an important figure in Toraja , was called 'Tangdilino'. Near Mengkendek (southern Toraja ), a house was built that had a roof with its two ends bending upwards. This particular form is explained in various ways.    The first story stresses resemblance to a boat - since, according to myth, the ancestors of the Toraja people came by boat from the Mekong Delta in South China - the second story claims that the arch-shaped roof looks like the sky. This is, indeed, reflected in some prayers by the ancient animistic belief Aluk Todolo. 3 different types of Tongkonan There are three types of Tongkonan which are classified according to their function in society.     Tongkonan layuk ('grand Tongkonan ') or Tongkonan pesio' aluk ('aluk maker') is the original ancestral home in which the aluk of a particular adat territory were established. The Grand Tongkonan is the seat of a kinship grouping that traces its descent from a single founding couple. It is the house of the highest authority and it is used as the center of government. <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://up1.tuspics.net/IM13/i/00141/9u5nhe1sstap.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="iu-know.blogspot.com, tongkonan layuk" border="0" height="240" src="http://up1.tuspics.net/IM13/i/00141/9u5nhe1sstap.jpg" title="tonkonan" width="320" /></a></div><div style="text-align: center;"> </div>   Tongkonan pekamberan, or Tongkonan  Pekaindoran which belongs to the family group members and offspring of the founder. It is their duty to carry out local traditions (known as adat). Tongkonan Batu, which belongs to the ordinary family members. Traditionally, only the nobility could afford to build large tongkonan and the elaborate ceremonies associated with them. <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://up1.tuspics.net/IM13/i/00141/m9hase2td4zb.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="iu-know.blogspot.com, tongkonan" border="0" height="240" src="http://up1.tuspics.net/IM13/i/00141/m9hase2td4zb.jpg" title="tongkonan" width="320" /></a></div><div style="text-align: center;"> </div>. Differences All 3 types of Tongkonan  have same shape and facing north. but there is a large pillar in the middle of tongkonan layuk and tongkonan pekaindoran kabonggo (buffalo horn)  and kalik (chicken head shape) only allowed in Tongkonan layuk and Tongkonan  Pekaindoran Tongkonan layuk and Tongkonan  Pekaindoran  are more respected by Torajan. Ornament Tongkonan house ornament in the form of a buffalo horn and the four basic colors are: black, red, yellow, and white  representing the original trust Toraja (Aluk Dolo).   Each color used symbolize different things. The black color symbolizes death and darkness. Yellow is a symbol of grace and divine power. Red is the color that symbolizes the blood of human life. And, white  is the color of flesh and bone which is holy. Did you know..??   Tongkonan  built without nails, using only wooden pegs instead of nails, and to construct a roof using a rope of rattan. <div style="-moz-background-clip: -moz-initial; -moz-background-inline-policy: -moz-initial; -moz-background-origin: -moz-initial; -moz-border-radius-bottomleft: 30px; -moz-border-radius-topright: 30px; background: #FFE4E1 none repeat scroll 0% 0%; border: 1px solid #dddddd; overflow: auto;"><blockquote>"A people without the knowledge of their past story ,origin and culture is like a tree without roots." </blockquote><blockquote>                                                                                                       Marcus Garvey</blockquote></div>

Tongkonan: Torajan Kindred Houses

Tongkonan is a traditional house of Toraja and now as the iconic architecture in Tana Toraja . Tongkonan house is included in the list of...

Facts about Penguins

Unknown 0 Animal, Knowledge 10:56 PM

<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgZuH9o0vLSTKC9DVQZbNk49o-qqHldvnjj1CvuJmcodZKPzdqUxa60JTd2rtKg5qy9ruLHfRolh98z9Bsi5oNrH5yvdPeAjeQMAlJDi3Vo64NrkgpprcgP7Iq6ImzcGu7CMcxxOxwL878/s1600/penguins-underwater.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="186" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgZuH9o0vLSTKC9DVQZbNk49o-qqHldvnjj1CvuJmcodZKPzdqUxa60JTd2rtKg5qy9ruLHfRolh98z9Bsi5oNrH5yvdPeAjeQMAlJDi3Vo64NrkgpprcgP7Iq6ImzcGu7CMcxxOxwL878/s1600/penguins-underwater.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><div class="copy-paste-block">Emperor penguins swimming. Photo by Polar Cruises DId you Know..??? <a href="http://up1.tuspics.net/IM13/i/00141/gegsyet612jl.gif" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="confused" border="0" src="http://up1.tuspics.net/IM13/i/00141/gegsyet612jl.gif" title="confused" /></a></div></td></tr></tbody></table>     Every 25th April is World Penguin Day ,Penguins seem a bit out of place on land, with their stand-out black jackets and clumsy waddling.    But once you see their grace in the water, you know that’s where they’re meant to be–they are well-adapted to life in the ocean. and here some facts about Penguin   1. Depending on which scientist you ask, there are 17–20 species of penguins alive today, all of which live in the southern half of the globe. The most northerly penguins are Galapagos penguins (Spheniscus mendiculus), which occasionally poke their heads north of the equator. . . 2. While they can’t fly through the air with their flippers, many penguin species take to the air when they leap from the water onto the ice. Just before taking flight, they release air bubbles from their feathers. This cuts the drag on their bodies, allowing them to double or triple their swimming speed quickly and launch into the air. . . 3. Most penguins swim underwater at around four to seven miles per hour (mph), but the fastest penguin—the gentoo (Pygoscelis papua)—can reach top speeds of 22 mph! <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://up1.tuspics.net/IM13/i/00141/8ro81n9ryzx5.gif" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="http://up1.tuspics.net/IM13/i/00141/8ro81n9ryzx5.gif" /></a></div><div style="text-align: center;"> </div><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg94jtGjLEWiFuAx_YfSAu3f8kuwhvEzwXuxwO5Ga6rrOTB8sOOQPgSbDdXfz536RFsq_vg_vy5NegnRbx3SvDMI3UwPv6Pm8FrldWVwag0VZfcNA-_xy1eJP3ekaEyQtt_k-9CKcYuHtA/s1600/porpoising-penguins.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img alt="iu-know.blogspot.com, penguin ," border="0" height="256" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg94jtGjLEWiFuAx_YfSAu3f8kuwhvEzwXuxwO5Ga6rrOTB8sOOQPgSbDdXfz536RFsq_vg_vy5NegnRbx3SvDMI3UwPv6Pm8FrldWVwag0VZfcNA-_xy1eJP3ekaEyQtt_k-9CKcYuHtA/s1600/porpoising-penguins.jpg" title="penguin" width="320" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Gentoo penguins “porpoise” by jumping out of the water. They can move faster through air than water, so will often porpoise to escape from a predator. Photo: Gilad Rom (Flickr): www.smithsonianmag.com</td></tr></tbody></table> 4. Penguins don’t wear tuxedos to make a fashion statement: it helps them be camouflaged while swimming. From above, their black backs blend into the dark ocean water and, from below, their white bellies match the bright surface lit by sunlight. This helps them avoid predators, such as leopard seals, and hunt for fish unseen.   5. The earliest known penguin fossil was found in 61.6 million-year old Antarctic rock, about 4-5 million years after the mass extinction that killed the dinosaurs. Waimanu manneringi stood upright and waddled like modern day penguins, but was likely more awkward in the water. Some fossil penguins were much larger than any penguin living today, reaching 4.5 feet tall! 6. Like other birds, penguins don’t have teeth. Instead, they have backward-facing fleshy spines that line the inside of their mouths. These help them guide their fishy meals down their throat. . <table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg-O6AdSh-qoRFFlgyDEBBTnxwHwTg0lLwAl4nlY2kuaJr0cNLRjmASwtwsVPD1_1ny8OaU9G1oPvkRakBaYH7w_kEQi5n0WwTcbxz3r067gIJeh0khiTGUJkvnDWa4nvbeJVv5sMQGBqQ/s1600/penguin-mouth.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img alt="iu-know.blogspot.com, penguin, penguin child" border="0" height="319" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg-O6AdSh-qoRFFlgyDEBBTnxwHwTg0lLwAl4nlY2kuaJr0cNLRjmASwtwsVPD1_1ny8OaU9G1oPvkRakBaYH7w_kEQi5n0WwTcbxz3r067gIJeh0khiTGUJkvnDWa4nvbeJVv5sMQGBqQ/s1600/penguin-mouth.jpg" title="penguin" width="320" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">An endangered African penguin brays with its mouth open, showing off the bristly inside of its mouth. Photo by Dimi P (Flickr)</td></tr></tbody></table><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"> 7. Penguins are carnivores: they feed on fish, squid, crabs, krill and other seafood they catch while swimming. During the summer, an active, medium-sized penguin will eat about 2 pounds of food each day, but in the winter they’ll eat just a third of that. 8. Eating so much seafood means drinking a lot of saltwater, but penguins have a way to remove it. The supraorbital gland, located just above their eye, filters salt from their bloodstream, which is then excreted through the bill—or by sneezing! But this doesn’t mean they chug seawater to quench their thirst: penguins drink meltwater from pools and streams and eat snow for their hydration fix. 9. Another adaptive gland—the oil (also called preen) gland—produces waterproofing oil. Penguins spread this across their feathers to insulate their bodies and reduce friction when they glide through the water. 10. Once a year, penguins experience a catastrophic molt. (Yes, that’s the official term.) Most birds molt (lose feathers and regrow them) a few at a time throughout the year, but penguins lose them all at once. They can’t swim and fish without feathers, so they fatten themselves up beforehand to survive the 2–3 weeks it takes to replace them.</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> </div><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh37PY_4nNLA6ws1UNas7PbmRiv1ZE_QTKCDBN_OR2CabPQukrAJuTUE6oLHQZRjylhhCF4oRi1MBVBSWn9Few_5iEzeo0VqFWi3Gd-61lyBMrT_Cm1zpyZtb1svC6BOtPNIBr1yT3tQkQ/s1600/molting-emperor.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img alt="iu-know.blogspot.com, penguin" border="0" height="239" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh37PY_4nNLA6ws1UNas7PbmRiv1ZE_QTKCDBN_OR2CabPQukrAJuTUE6oLHQZRjylhhCF4oRi1MBVBSWn9Few_5iEzeo0VqFWi3Gd-61lyBMrT_Cm1zpyZtb1svC6BOtPNIBr1yT3tQkQ/s1600/molting-emperor.jpg" title="penguin" width="320" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">An emperor penguin loses its old feathers (the fluffy ones) as new ones grow in underneath. Photo by Carlie Reum, National Science Foundation</td></tr></tbody></table>                                    11. Feathers are quite important to penguins living around Antarctica during the winter. Emperor penguins (Aptenodytes forsteri) have the highest feather density of any bird, at 100 feathers per square inch. In fact, the surface feathers can get even colder than the surrounding air, helping to keep the penguin’s body stays warm. 12. All but two penguin species breed in large colonies for protection, ranging from 200 to hundreds of thousands of birds. (There’s safety in numbers!) But living in such tight living quarters leads to an abundance of penguin poop—so much that it stains the ice! The upside is that scientists can locate colonies from space just by looking for dark ice patches. 13. Climate change will likely affect different penguin species differently—but in the Antarctic, it appears that the loss of krill, a primary food source, is the main problem. In some areas with sea ice melt, krill density has decreased 80 percent since the 1970s, indirectly harming penguin populations. However, some colonies of Adelie penguins (Pygoscelis adeliae) have grown as the melting ice exposes more rocky nesting areas. 14. Of the 17 penguin species, the most endangered is New Zealand’s yellow-eyed penguin (Megadyptes antipodes): only around 4,000 birds survive in the wild today. But other species are in trouble, including the erect-crested penguin (Eudyptes sclateri) of New Zealand, which has lost approximately 70 percent of its population over the past 20 years, and the Galapagos penguin, which has lost more than 50 percent since the 1970s. <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> </div>   . <div br="" gt="" style="-moz-background-clip: -moz-initial; -moz-background-inline-policy: -moz-initial; -moz-background-origin: -moz-initial; -moz-border-radius-bottomleft: 30px; -moz-border-radius-topright: 30px; background: #B0C4DE none repeat scroll 0% 0%; border: 1px solid #dddddd; overflow: auto;"><blockquote>"The human bird shall take his first flight, filling the world with amazement, all writings with his fame, and bringing eternal glory to the nest whence he sprang."</blockquote>                                                                                                                       Leonardo da Vinci</div>

Facts about Penguins

Emperor penguins swimming. Photo by Polar Cruises DId you Know..??? Every 25th April is World Penguin Day ,Penguins seem a bit out o...

Hemp as a Fuel / Energy Source

Unknown 0 Knowledge 10:00 PM

<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg-UsWAgMExMSLiNKa0gyxM6XHKys7gd69xtXmFCV4LX1yW78AhoizNbIAl4DlV-t4kSMQRKy2Rio_8pM4NpWr9WGIwgWhFFdRRConVA2f3K_nKBY4a-LVkAMUxtniDZ4HdbvzJTBxGYek/s1600/hemp.gif" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="hemp fuel" border="0" height="308" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg-UsWAgMExMSLiNKa0gyxM6XHKys7gd69xtXmFCV4LX1yW78AhoizNbIAl4DlV-t4kSMQRKy2Rio_8pM4NpWr9WGIwgWhFFdRRConVA2f3K_nKBY4a-LVkAMUxtniDZ4HdbvzJTBxGYek/s1600/hemp.gif" title="hemp" width="320" /></a></div> Hemp as a Fuel / Energy Source By Jeremy Briggs Biodiesel fuel from Hemp Seed Oil Hemp seed oil can be used as is in bio-diesel engines. Methyl esters, or bio-diesel, can be made from any oil or fat including hemp seed oil. The reaction requires the oil, an alcohol (usually methanol), and a catalyst, which produces bio-diesel and small amount of glycerol or glycerin. When co-fired with 15% methanol, bio-diesel fuel produces energy less than 1/3 as pollution as petroleum diesel. Energy and Fuel from Hemp Stalks through Pyrolysis Pyrolysis is the technique of applying high heat to biomass, or organic plants and tree matter, with little or no air. Reduced emissions from coal-fired power plants and automobiles can be accomplished by converting biomass to fuel utilizing pyrolysis technology. The process can produce, from lingo-cellulosic material (like the stalks of hemp), charcoal, gasoline, ethanol, non-condensable gasses, acetic acid, acetone, methane, and methanol. Process adjustments can be done to favor charcoal, pyrolytic oil, gas, or methanol, with 95.5% fuel-to-feed ratios. Around 68% of the energy of the raw biomass will be contained in the charcoal and fuel oils -- renewable energy generated here at home, instead of overpaying for foreign petroleum. Pyrolysis facilities can run 3 shifts a day, and since pyrolysis facilities need to be within 50 miles of the energy crop to be cost effective, many new local and rural jobs will be created, not to mention the employment opportunities in trucking and transportation. Hemp vs. Fossil  Fuels Pyrolysis facilities can use the same technology used now to process fossil fuel oil and coal. Petroleum coal and oil conversion is more efficient in terms of fuel-to-feed ratio, but there are many advantages to conversion by pyrolysis.     1) Biomass has a heating value of 5000-8000 BTU/lb, with virtually no ash or sulfur emissions.     2) Ethanol, methanol, methane gas, and gasoline can be derived from biomass at a fraction of the cost of the current cost of oil, coal, or nuclear energy, especially when environmental costs are factored in. Each acre of hemp could yield about 1000 gallons of methanol.     3) When an energy crop is growing, it takes carbon dioxide (CO2) from the air, and releases an equal amount when it is burned, creating a balanced system, unlike petroleum fuels, which only release CO2. When an energy crop like hemp is grown on a massive scale, it will initially lower the CO2 in the air, and then stabilize it at a level lower than before the planting of the energy crop.     4) Use of biomass would end acid rain, end sulfer-based smog, and reverse the greenhouse effect. Coal    Unlike petroleum reserves, America has enough coal to last 100-300 years, but burning it for electricity puts sulfur -- toxic to every membrane in which it comes in contact, especially the simplest life forms -- into the air, which leads to acid rain, which kills 50,000 Americans, and 5,000 - 10,000 Canadians, annually, and destroys the forests, river, and animals. Not only is electricity production a common use of coal, but it is also used in smelting furnaces across the world. In order to boil tungsten, a popular metal used in jewelry, a furnace must be heated up to 5700 degrees Celsius; that's approximately the same heat as the surface of the sun!    Charcoal can be created from biomass through pyrolysis (charcoaling), which has nearly the same heating value in BTU as coal, virtually without sulfur. Biomass can also be co-fired with coal to reduce emissions, an important consideration since not only is coal a common heating element, but on the flip side many Americans run air conditioners and quality ceiling fans off electricity from coal-fired powerplants. Replacing coal would be a fantastic use of hemp. Ethanol and Methanol    Ethanol is a water-free, high-octane alcohol which can be used as fuel to drive cars. Under current conditions, use of ethanol-blended fuels such as E85 (85% ethanol and 15% gasoline) can reduce net emissions of greenhouse gases by as much as 37.1%. Ethanol-powered vehicles do suffer in performance (barely), but ethanol is effective as a fuel additive because it helps engines burn cleaner.    Once pyrolysis facilities are up and running, converting biomass into charcoal for electrical power plants, it will be more feasible to build the complex gasifying systems to produce ethanol and/or methanol from the cubed biomass, or to make high-octane lead-free gasoline from the methanol using a catalytic process developed by Georgia Tech University in conjunction with Mobil Oil Corporation.    Ethanol is currently being used as a fuel additive, replacing toxic methyl tertiary ether (MTBE). Ethanol producers are currently providing only 1% of America's liquid fuel. Soon though, as new development processes are researched, and with the use of hemp, the plant worlds number one producer of biomass, the cost of this alternative fuel will give petroleum vigorous competition.     Hydrolysis: A process whereby cellulose is converted to fermentable glucose, which holds the greatest promise for production and feedstock, because it could produce 100 gallons/ton. Tim Castleman and the Fuel and Fiber Company are researching this technology. Their method extracts the high-value bast fiber as first step. Then the remaining core material (mostly hurd) is converted to alcohol (methanol, ethanol), and then to glucose. Hydrolysis could produce 300,000 to 600,000 tons of biomass per year per facility, if each facility could process input from 60,000 to 170,000 acres.     Gasification: A form of pyrolysis which converts biomass into synthetic gas, such as ethanol, and low grade fuel oil with an energy content of about 40% that of petroleum diesel. This process is good for community power-corporation and people seeking self-sufficient energy needs. A small modular bio-powered system is in place in the village of Alaminos in the Philippines, using gasification techniques for energy.     Anaerobic Digestion: A process of capturing methane from green waste material (biomass). This process is toxic, but well suited for distributed power generation when co-located with electrical generation equipment.     Boiler: Biomass can also be burned in a boiler, but this energy has a value of $30-50 ton, which makes it impractical due to the higher value of hemp fiber, unless used on a local small scale, and in remote rural applications.    Hemp Produces the Most Biomass of Any Plant on Earth.    Hemp is at least four times richer in biomass/cellulose potential than its nearest rivals: cornstalks, sugarcane, kenaf, trees, etc.    Hempproduces the most biomass of any crop, which is why it is the natural choice for an energy crop. Hemp converts the sun's energy into cellulose faster than any other plant, through photosynthesis. Hemp can produce 10 tons of biomass per acre every four months. Enough energy could be produced on 6% of the land in the U.S. to provide enough energy for our entire country (cars, heat homes, electricity, industry) -- and we use 25% of the world's energy.    To put which in perspective, right now we pay farmers not to grow on 6% (around 90 million acres) of the farming land, while another 500 million acres of marginal farmland lies fallow. This land could be used to grow hemp as an energy crop. Conclusion    The most important aspect of industrial Hemp farming, the most compelling thing hemp offers us, is fuel. Right now we are depleting our reserves of petroleum and buying it up from other countries. It would be nice if we could have a fuel source which was reusable and which we could grow right here, making us completely energy independent. Petroleum fuel increases carbon monoxide in the atmosphere and contributes heavily to global warming and the greenhouse effect, which could lead to global catastrophe in the next 50 years if these trends continue. Do you want to find out if they are right, or do you want to grow the most cost effective and environmentally safe fuel source on the planet?    Using Hemp as an energy and rotation crop would be a great step in the right direction. Hemp Seed Oil    Hemp seed oil has historically been used as lamp oil. It is said to shine the brightest of all lamp oils. Hemp seed oil lit the lamps of Abraham Lincoln, Abraham the prophet, and was used in the legendary lamps of Aladdin.    Anything which can be made from fossil fuels can be made from an organic substance like hemp. Toxic petrochemicals can be replaced with hemp oil.    Hemp oil can be made into anything with an oil base, including paint, varnish, detergent, solvent, and lubricating oil. The advantage of these product is that they are earth friendly and biodegradable, and do not destroy ecosystems around them like petrochemicals do.    Until the 1930s most paint and varnishes were made with non-toxic hemp oil. Hemp paint provides superior coating because hemp oil soaks into and preserves wood, due to its high resistance to water.    Hemp oil is a good base for non-toxic printing inks. Soy is currently made into inks, but soy ink requires more processing and takes longer to dry than hemp oil based inks.      Understanding how Hemp can be used as a type of fuel is important for our society moving forward. Someone who has completed one of the many Masters in Civil Engineering Programs that are available could use this information when planning a specific project. The legal aspects of help could be examined during a Masters of Law Online, and putting together large scale hemp projects could be better understood through the completion of a Online Masters Project Management. . . . <div style="-moz-background-clip: -moz-initial; -moz-background-inline-policy: -moz-initial; -moz-background-origin: -moz-initial; -moz-border-radius-bottomleft: 30px; -moz-border-radius-topright: 30px; background: #7CFC00 none repeat scroll 0% 0%; border: 1px solid #dddddd; overflow: auto;"><blockquote>"Hemp happens to be one of the most useful, strongest, toughest, longest-lasting materials on your planet." </blockquote> <blockquote>                                Neale Donald Walsch (The Complete Conversations with God) </blockquote></div>

Hemp as a Fuel / Energy Source

Hemp as a Fuel / Energy Source By Jeremy Briggs Biodiesel fuel from Hemp Seed Oil Hemp seed oil can be used as is in bio-diesel engines. Met...

Golden Eagle

Unknown 0 Animal, Knowledge 9:32 PM

<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg0E6KgF6gH4sUkPugoRdaZoEgPtSnu_YcTWpuRGM8keATXk0SaX9USE0hMt9ZcRvGSW8ggkePRXKRZIFQ8ILDzs02izGeRzKnGpnEIGkaUHHh5HTVUlp-m7J7lhgjG4Ow3JTIIrcwXCPA/s1600/golden-eagle_551_600x450.jpg" imageanchor="1"><img alt="golden eagle, animal" border="0" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg0E6KgF6gH4sUkPugoRdaZoEgPtSnu_YcTWpuRGM8keATXk0SaX9USE0hMt9ZcRvGSW8ggkePRXKRZIFQ8ILDzs02izGeRzKnGpnEIGkaUHHh5HTVUlp-m7J7lhgjG4Ow3JTIIrcwXCPA/s1600/golden-eagle_551_600x450.jpg" title="eagle" width="320" /></a></div> Golden Eagle (Aquila chrysaetos)    This powerful eagle is North America's largest bird of prey and the national bird of Mexico. These birds are dark brown, with lighter golden-brown plumage on their heads and necks. They are extremely swift, and can dive upon their quarry at speeds of more than 150 miles (241 kilometers) per hour. <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://up1.tuspics.net/IM13/i/00141/8ro81n9ryzx5.gif" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="cool" border="0" src="http://up1.tuspics.net/IM13/i/00141/8ro81n9ryzx5.gif" title="cool" /></a></div><div style="text-align: center;">Wow..</div>     Golden eagles use their speed and sharp talons to snatch up rabbits, marmots, and ground squirrels. They also eat carrion, reptiles, birds, fish, and smaller fare such as large insects. They have even been known to attack full grown deer. Ranchers once killed many of these birds for fear that they would prey on their livestock, but studies showed that the animal's impact was minimal. Today,  golden eagles are protected by law.    Golden eagles pairs maintain territories that may be as large as 60 square miles (155 square kilometers). They are monogamous and may remain with their mate for several years or possibly for life. Golden eagles nest in high places including cliffs, trees, or human structures such as telephone poles. They build huge nests to which they may return for several breeding years. Females lay from one to four eggs, and both parents incubate them for 40 to 45 days. Typically, one or two young survive to fledge in about three months.    These majestic birds range from Mexico through much of western North America as far north as Alaska; they also appear in the east but are uncommon.  Golden eagles are also found in Asia, northern Africa, and Europe.    Some golden eagles migrate, but others do not—depending on the conditions of their geographic location. Alaskan and Canadian eagles typically fly south in the fall, for example, while birds that live in the western continental U.S. tend to remain in their ranges year-round. . . <div style="-moz-background-clip: -moz-initial; -moz-background-inline-policy: -moz-initial; -moz-background-origin: -moz-initial; -moz-border-radius-bottomleft: 30px; -moz-border-radius-topright: 30px; background: F8F8FF none repeat scroll 0% 0%; border: 1px solid #dddddd; overflow: auto;"><blockquote>"I am an Eagle. The small world laughs at my deeds. But the great sky keeps to itself My thoughts of immortality."</blockquote>                                                    Nancy Wood, Many Winters: Prose and Poetry of the Pueblos  </div>

Golden Eagle

Golden Eagle ( Aquila chrysaetos ) This powerful eagle is North America's largest bird of prey and the national bird of Mexico. The...

Facts about Water

Unknown 0 Knowledge 9:27 PM

<div style="text-align: center;"> </div><div style="text-align: center;"> </div><div style="text-align: center;"> </div><div style="text-align: center;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhbRMaFU6v9dsaBBOLPvVlierfZE2wJtrw5W2YiW2Ry6BoeT604wbFcbM7X3ymReU2BNkjpYDoRpeo7eDvSZKvHv5DamldKD_xs-xQmKkGL9krrDxwL4pgfG05tqhj1fEfSiIPWlQLwkU4/s1600/water.PNG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="water" border="0" height="200" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhbRMaFU6v9dsaBBOLPvVlierfZE2wJtrw5W2YiW2Ry6BoeT604wbFcbM7X3ymReU2BNkjpYDoRpeo7eDvSZKvHv5DamldKD_xs-xQmKkGL9krrDxwL4pgfG05tqhj1fEfSiIPWlQLwkU4/s1600/water.PNG" title="water" width="165" /></a></div><a href="http://up1.tuspics.net/IM13/i/00141/hgr0vn9ts0t6_t.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"> </a></div><div style="text-align: center;"> </div><div style="text-align: justify;"><div style="text-align: center;">       Facts about water..?</div>     Did you know? If each dated August 31 to September 5 was celebrated as <a href="https://www.blogger.com/www.worldwaterweek.org">World Water</a> Week</div>, as a form of campaign that most of us freely enjoy the clean water from the faucet, but out there, there are millions of people who can not enjoy such privileges. <a name="more"></a>         Industrial pollution, water pollution, and excessive consumption of water also contributed to the scare factor for the availability of clean water in the future.          Here are the facts about water and the fact that our lives can not be separated with water.  <div style="text-align: center;">-----</div><div style="text-align: center;">1. Water is for Live</div><div style="text-align: center;"> </div><div style="text-align: center;"> <div><div background:="" style="margin: 5px;"><div class="smallfont" style="margin-bottom: 2px;"> ~ for 1 ~ <input onclick="if (this.parentNode.parentNode.getElementsByTagName('div') [1].getElementsByTagName('div')[0].style.display != '') { this.parentNode.parentNode.getElementsByTagName('div') [1].getElementsByTagName('div')[0].style.display = ''; this.innerText = ''; this.value = 'Hide'; } else { this.parentNode.parentNode.getElementsByTagName('div') [1].getElementsByTagName('div')[0].style.display = 'none'; this.innerText = ''; this.value = 'Show'; }" style="font-size: 10px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; width: 60px;" type="button" value="Show" /></div><div class="alt2" style="border: 0px inset; margin: 0px; padding: 6px;"><div style="display: none;"> <div style="-moz-background-clip: -moz-initial; -moz-background-inline-policy: -moz-initial; -moz-background-origin: -moz-initial; -moz-border-radius-bottomleft: 30px; -moz-border-radius-topright: 30px; background: #BDB76B none repeat scroll 0% 0%; border: 0px solid #000000; overflow: auto;"> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://up1.tuspics.net/IM13/i/00141/0n0c8rwe0x3o.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em; margin-top: 1em;"><img border="0" height="324" src="http://up1.tuspics.net/IM13/i/00141/0n0c8rwe0x3o.jpg" width="540" /></a></div><div style="text-align: center;"> </div>   Approximately 70% of adult body consists of water. At birth, water accounts for approximately 80% of the weight of a baby. Blood is 92% water, the brain 75% water and muscles, and bones are about 22% water.    At any time during the still life, our body loses water through perspiration, urination, defecation or exhaled breath. And we can only live less than about 3 days without water. <div style="text-align: center;">----- </div></div></div></div></div></div><div style="text-align: center;"> <div>-----</div></div></div> <div style="text-align: center;">2.Drinking too much water can kill You</div> <div background:="" style="margin: 5px;"><div class="smallfont" style="margin-bottom: 2px; text-align: center;"> ~ for 2 ~ <input onclick="if (this.parentNode.parentNode.getElementsByTagName('div') [1].getElementsByTagName('div')[0].style.display != '') { this.parentNode.parentNode.getElementsByTagName('div') [1].getElementsByTagName('div')[0].style.display = ''; this.innerText = ''; this.value = 'Hide'; } else { this.parentNode.parentNode.getElementsByTagName('div') [1].getElementsByTagName('div')[0].style.display = 'none'; this.innerText = ''; this.value = 'Show'; }" style="font-size: 10px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; width: 60px;" type="button" value="Show" /></div><div class="alt2" style="border: 0px inset; margin: 0px; padding: 6px;"><div style="display: none;"><div style="-moz-background-clip: -moz-initial; -moz-background-inline-policy: -moz-initial; -moz-background-origin: -moz-initial; -moz-border-radius-bottomleft: 30px; -moz-border-radius-topright: 30px; background: #BDB76B none repeat scroll 0% 0%; border: 0px solid #000000; overflow: auto;"> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://up1.tuspics.net/IM13/i/00141/kbfz7tb1mig5.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="322" src="http://up1.tuspics.net/IM13/i/00141/kbfz7tb1mig5.jpg" width="540" /></a></div>- <div style="text-align: left;">          Drinking too much water can cause a fatal condition called "hyponatremia" also  known as water intoxication.           This happens when the water dilute the sodium level in the bloodstream and causes an imbalance of water in the brain. <div style="text-align: center;">---- </div></div><div style="text-align: center;"></div></div></div></div></div><div style="text-align: center;">----</div><div style="text-align: center;"> </div> <div style="text-align: center;">3.Drinking is not the only way to avoid dehidration</div><div style="text-align: center;"> </div> <div><div><div background:="" style="margin: 5px;"><div class="smallfont" style="margin-bottom: 2px; text-align: center;"> ~ for 3 ~ <input onclick="if (this.parentNode.parentNode.getElementsByTagName('div') [1].getElementsByTagName('div')[0].style.display != '') { this.parentNode.parentNode.getElementsByTagName('div') [1].getElementsByTagName('div')[0].style.display = ''; this.innerText = ''; this.value = 'Hide'; } else { this.parentNode.parentNode.getElementsByTagName('div') [1].getElementsByTagName('div')[0].style.display = 'none'; this.innerText = ''; this.value = 'Show'; }" style="font-size: 10px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; width: 60px;" type="button" value="Show" /></div><div class="alt2" style="border: 0px inset; margin: 0px; padding: 6px;"><div style="display: none;"><div style="-moz-background-clip: -moz-initial; -moz-background-inline-policy: -moz-initial; -moz-background-origin: -moz-initial; -moz-border-radius-bottomleft: 30px; -moz-border-radius-topright: 30px; background: #BDB76B none repeat scroll 0% 0%; border: 0px solid #000000; overflow: auto;"> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://up1.tuspics.net/IM13/i/00141/0gthzty29xfx.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="540" src="http://up1.tuspics.net/IM13/i/00141/0gthzty29xfx.jpg" width="352" /></a></div><div style="text-align: center;"> </div><div style="text-align: left;">     According to the Institute of Medicine, Water in food provides about 20% of the daily requirement of fluid in humans.</div><div style="text-align: left;">     and the water you get from the food as good as what you get from drinking water, "Pamela Peeke, MD, professor of medicine at the University of Maryland and author of Body for Life for Women, told ABC News.  </div><div style="text-align: center;"> </div><div style="text-align: center;">   </div></div></div></div><div class="alt2" style="border: 0px inset; margin: 0px; padding: 6px;"> </div><div class="alt2" style="border: 0px inset; margin: 0px; padding: 6px;"> </div></div></div></div><div style="-moz-background-clip: -moz-initial; -moz-background-inline-policy: -moz-initial; -moz-background-origin: -moz-initial; -moz-border-radius-bottomleft: 30px; -moz-border-radius-topright: 30px; background: #eeeeee none repeat scroll 0% 0%; border: 1px solid #dddddd; overflow: auto;"><blockquote>Always do your best. What you plant now, you will harvest later.</blockquote> <blockquote>                                                                                                <a href="http://www.brainyquote.com/quotes/authors/o/og_mandino.html" target="_blank"> Og Mandino</a></blockquote></div> <div style="text-align: center;"> </div><a href="http://ninech.blogspot.com/2014/10/facts-about-water-part-2.html"></a> <div style="text-align: right;"></div>-<a href="http://adf.ly/sSjvW">source</a>-

Facts about Water

Facts about water ..? Did you know ? If each dated August 31 to September 5 was celebrated as World Water Week , as a...

How far is a light-year?

Unknown 0 Knowledge 8:42 PM

<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiOWg44meRTbvy5njLNtmNzEes4vfNr5_eUebVpdD-9omOOpyajuZeJLG4rvbvBpvEQAqZ41-qiuXCOIZl_WN-eXbkEY_a0-ibL9E33ZLzXiqAJAeB-Js4-OxnkRSbVnB095HvLtVYhInM/s1600/lightyear.PNG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="lightyear, distance" border="0" height="254" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiOWg44meRTbvy5njLNtmNzEes4vfNr5_eUebVpdD-9omOOpyajuZeJLG4rvbvBpvEQAqZ41-qiuXCOIZl_WN-eXbkEY_a0-ibL9E33ZLzXiqAJAeB-Js4-OxnkRSbVnB095HvLtVYhInM/s1600/lightyear.PNG" title="lightyear" width="320" /></a></div>          <div class="" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">   Light is the fastest-moving stuff in the universe. It travels at an incredible 300,000 kilometers (186,000 miles) per second. That’s very fast. If you could travel at the speed of light, you would be able to circle the Earth’s equator about 7.5 times in just one second! </div><a name="more"></a> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://up1.tuspics.net/IM13/i/00141/8ro81n9ryzx5.gif" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="http://up1.tuspics.net/IM13/i/00141/8ro81n9ryzx5.gif" /></a></div>   A light-second is the distance light travels in one second, or 7.5 times the distance around Earth’s equator. A light-year is the distance light travels in one year. How far is that? Multiply the number of seconds in one year by the number of kilometers (or miles) that light travels in one second, and there you have it: one light-year. It’s about 9.5 trillion kilometers (5.88 trillion miles).    Stars other than our sun are so far distant that astronomers refer to their distances not in terms of kilometers or miles – but in light-years.    Few of us can comprehend such a humongous number. Is there any way for us mere mortals to really understand how far a light-year is? <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://up1.tuspics.net/IM13/i/00141/urn0u7s0m313.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="light year, knowledge, science, distance" border="0" height="176" src="http://up1.tuspics.net/IM13/i/00141/urn0u7s0m313.png" title="light year" width="320" /></a></div>    One astronomical unit equals about 150 million kilometers (93 million miles). Another way of looking at it: the astronomical unit is a bit more than 8 light-minutes in distance. <div style="-moz-background-clip: -moz-initial; -moz-background-inline-policy: -moz-initial; -moz-background-origin: -moz-initial; -moz-border-radius-bottomleft: 30px; -moz-border-radius-topright: 30px; background: #eeeeee none repeat scroll 0% 0%; border: 1px solid #dddddd; overflow: auto;"><blockquote>An investment in knowledge pays the best interest.</blockquote> <blockquote>                                                                                   <a href="http://www.brainyquote.com/quotes/authors/b/benjamin_franklin.html" target="_blank">                      Benjamin Franklin</a></blockquote></div>

How far is a light-year?

Light is the fastest -moving stuff in the universe. It travels at an incredible 300,000 kilometers (186,000 miles) per sec...